Memorial Day Catholic: February 23
Polycarp of Smyrna, whose life reaches back to the time of the early Church, was born around the year 69. He received the teachings of Christ directly from the Apostles themselves. His disciple Irenaeus of Lyon writes that he “was not only instructed by the Apostles and spoke with many who had seen Christ, but was also appointed by the Apostles in Asia Minor as bishop of the Church of Smyrna” (Adversus Haereses III,3,4; Historia Ecclesiastica IV,14,3,4). Polycarp is first mentioned in the Martyrdom of Polycarp, the acts of martyrs containing historical or legendary accounts of early Christian martyrs. As bishop of Smyrna, Polycarp was especially committed to preserving the teachings of the Apostles, spreading them among the pagans, and combating heresies. Irenaeus describes him as a gifted preacher and benevolent bishop, distinguished above all by his care for widows and slaves.
Work and Significance
-
As bishop, Polycarp defended the teachings of the Apostles and vigorously fought against all heresies, including the teachings of Marcion. As a champion of the true faith, his steadfastness was a model for his time.
-
He advocated for the poor, widows, and slaves and was highly respected as a preacher and pastor.
-
Around 154, Polycarp traveled as a representative of the churches of Asia Minor to Rome to discuss the date of Easter with Pope Anicetus. While the Eastern Church celebrated Easter on the 14th of Nisan, the Western Church adhered to the Sunday rule. The differences of opinion were treated respectfully and peacefully.
The Martyrdom
-
During the persecutions of Christians under Emperor Antoninus Pius, Polycarp, as an old man, was arrested and led to the stake. He was urged to renounce his faith, which he refused with the famous words: “For eighty-six years I have served the Crucified faithfully. He has never wronged me. How can I blaspheme my Lord and Savior?”
-
According to tradition, the flames had no effect on Polycarp, so he was finally killed with a dagger. The Christians of Smyrna buried his remains and commemorated the day of his death as his “birthday to heaven.”
Early Christian Writings
-
Polycarp wrote letters, of which the one to the Philippians has survived to this day.
-
His martyrdom account is among the oldest documents in the history of Christian martyrdom.
Polycarp of Smyrna stands, perhaps more than anyone else, for the continuity between the Apostolic Age and the emerging Church, for courage in faith, and for fidelity to Christian tradition in difficult times.
Words of the Saint
In prayer at the stake:
“Lord, almighty God, Father of your beloved and blessed Son Jesus Christ, through whom we know you, God of angels, powers, and all creation, of the whole race of the righteous who live before you: I thank you that you have deemed me worthy on this day and at this hour to share in the number of the martyrs …”
Before the judge:
“For eighty-six years I have served him, and he has done me no harm. How could I blaspheme my King and Redeemer?”
