Not by circular reasoning, but through a reasonable, step-by-step demonstration: (a) historically reliable text → (b) historical and theological reasons for the divinity of Christ and his resurrection → (c) establishment of a visible, teaching, error-protected Church → (d) this Church authenticates inspiration and canon.
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Historical starting point: We begin methodologically “neutral”: the Bible as an ancient document. Textual criticism and manuscript discoveries demonstrate an exceptionally dense transmission (older and more numerous than most classics). Thus, we work with a very reliable text (cf. Lk 1:1–4).
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The Christ question: From the Gospels, early Christian testimonies, and reasonable consideration (e.g., willingness to bear witness even unto martyrdom), it follows that the best explanation of the data is: Jesus is truly God and risen (cf. 1 Cor 15:3–8).
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Church as visible authority: The same Christ establishes a visible Church with authority (Mt 16:18–19; Mt 28:18–20; Acts 15). This Church possesses—in order to faithfully serve its divine mission—the charism of infallibility in clearly defined acts (cf. Vatican I).
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Inspiration and canon: On this basis, the Church says: These books are inspired by God (2 Tim 3:16) and constitute the canon. Only then do we read them as inspired. Arnold Lunn classically formulated it: Reason brings us as far as the Church; thereafter, it is reasonable to trust the instance authorized by Christ in questions of inspiration and interpretation.
Sources
Scripture (EÜ): Lk 1:1–4; 1 Cor 15:3–8; Mt 16:18–19; Mt 28:18–20; 2 Tim 3:16.
Fathers/Teachers: Augustine; Ignatius of Antioch (episcopate/Church); Irenaeus (apostolic succession).
Magisterium: Vatican I; Dei Verbum 8–10.